Application of nitrogen in acid fracturing

Foamed acidizing is a new acidizing technology effective for low-permeability, low-pressure, and water-sensitive formations. A foaming agent and a stabilizer are added to a conventional acid system, mixed with nitrogen gas through a foam generator to form a foam system. This system combines the properties of a foam fluid with acidizing capabilities, making it particularly suitable for multi-layered heterogeneous oil reservoir acidizing, low-pressure, low-permeability well acidizing, and the repeated acidizing of old wells.

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2018-11-05

Application of nitrogen in acid fracturing

Foam acidizing is a new acidizing production enhancement technology that is very effective for low-permeability, low-pressure, water-sensitive formations. A foaming agent and a foam stabilizer are added to a conventional acid system, mixed with nitrogen gas through a foam generator to form a foam system that combines the properties of a foam fluid and acidizing capabilities. It is particularly suitable for multi-layered heterogeneous oil reservoir acidizing, low-pressure, low-permeability well acidizing, and repeated acidizing of old wells.
 

Foam has a strong carrying capacity, which helps to carry the particles and cuttings generated by the acid-rock reaction to the surface. The amount of particles carried is usually more than 7 times higher than that of ordinary acid; when the backflow reaches the wellhead, due to the sudden pressure drop, the foam expands rapidly, forming high pressure in the wellbore and causing reflux, which is conducive to the backflow of spent acid; foam acid contains a large amount of gas and a small amount of acid liquid, which is not easy to cause clay swelling, especially suitable for acidizing water-sensitive clay reservoirs; and due to the shear thinning characteristics of foam fluid, the high-permeability layer is temporarily blocked, allowing the acid to turn into the low-permeability layer, distributing more efficiently and uniformly, achieving the purpose of diverting acid. Foam acid is generally suitable for construction at well depths of 1500～2500m and requires a nitrogen generation unit and a foam generator. It has been used more extensively abroad in the past and is now mostly used for multi-layer matrix diversion acidizing.

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