Main components and principle of carbon molecular sieve
Release time:
2018-11-05
Main components and principle of carbon molecular sieve
Main Components
The main component of carbon molecular sieve is elemental carbon, appearing as a black columnar solid. Due to the presence of numerous micropores with a diameter of 4 angstroms, these micropores exhibit a strong instantaneous affinity for oxygen molecules, enabling the separation of oxygen and nitrogen from the air. Industrially, it is used to produce nitrogen using a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) device. Carbon molecular sieves offer high nitrogen production, high nitrogen recovery rate, and long service life, suitable for various models of pressure swing adsorption nitrogen generators, making it the preferred product for such generators. Carbon molecular sieve air separation for nitrogen production is widely used in petrochemicals, metal heat treatment, electronics manufacturing, food preservation, and other industries.
Working Principle
Carbon molecular sieves utilize their sieving properties to separate oxygen and nitrogen. When the molecular sieve adsorbs impurity gases, the macropores and mesopores only act as channels, transporting the adsorbed molecules to the micropores and sub-micropores, which are the actual adsorption sites. As shown in the previous figure, the carbon molecular sieve contains numerous micropores that allow molecules with small kinetic diameters to diffuse rapidly into the pores while restricting the entry of larger molecules. Due to the differences in the relative diffusion rates of gas molecules of different sizes, the components of the gas mixture can be effectively separated. Therefore, in the manufacturing of carbon molecular sieves, the distribution of micropores inside the carbon molecular sieve should be in the range of 0.28～0.38 nm, according to the size of the molecules. Within this micropore size range, oxygen can quickly diffuse through the micropore openings into the pores, while nitrogen has difficulty passing through the micropore openings, thus achieving oxygen-nitrogen separation. The size of the micropore aperture is the basis for the separation of oxygen and nitrogen by the carbon molecular sieve. If the aperture is too large, both oxygen and nitrogen molecules can easily enter the micropores, and separation cannot be achieved. If the aperture is too small, neither oxygen nor nitrogen can enter the micropores, and separation cannot be achieved.
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