Physicochemical properties of nitrogen (N2)

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2018-11-05

Physicochemical properties of nitrogen (N2)

1. At room temperature and pressure, nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless inert gas. Nitrogen accounts for approximately 78.1% of the air. Liquid nitrogen is also colorless and odorless, and lighter than water. It does not burn in air. It is inert at room temperature, but it synthesizes ammonia with cyanides under high temperature and pressure with a catalyst.

2. Active nitrogen can be obtained by decompression discharge. At high temperatures, it reacts with metals to form nitrides (Mg3N2, Cu3N2, etc.). At 1000℃, it reacts with calcium carbide to generate calcium cyanamide.

3. Slightly soluble in water, alcohol, and ether.

4. The molecular weight of nitrogen is 28.0134, the melting point (triple point, 12.53 kPa) is -210.0℃, the liquid density (-210.0℃, 12.534 kPa) is 869.5 kg/m³, and the thermal conductivity (100 kPa, 280 K) is 0.02447 W/(M·K).

5. Nitrogen itself is non-toxic and non-irritating. Inhaled nitrogen is excreted through the respiratory tract in its original form.

6. Safety Protection. Nitrogen gas should be stored in pressurized cylinders, and liquid nitrogen should be stored and transported in insulated containers and tank trucks. Nitrogen is non-corrosive. At room temperature, common metals such as carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, copper alloys, and aluminum, as well as ordinary plastic materials, can be used as container materials; for liquid nitrogen, nickel steel (90% Ni), stainless steel, copper, brass, and Admiralty brass can be used. At low temperatures, polytetrafluoroethylene and polytrifluorochloroethylene polymers can be used. In case of fire, nitrogen can be used for fire extinguishing. Nitrogen can be discharged into the atmosphere.

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